package com.dy.common.util;

import java.util.Locale;


public class ByteUtil {
	
	/**
	 * 将字节数组合并到字节数组上
	 * @param bGroup1 被合并数组
	 * @param bGroup2 合并数组
	 * @return 返回 合并后数组
	 */
	public static byte[] bytesMerge(byte[] bGroup1, byte[] bGroup2){
		if(bGroup1 == null && bGroup2 == null){
			return null ;
		}else if(bGroup1 == null && bGroup2 != null){
			return bGroup2 ;
		}else if(bGroup1 != null && bGroup2 == null){
			return bGroup1 ;
		}else{
			//dest != null && append != null
			byte[] bs = new byte[bGroup1.length + bGroup2.length] ;
			System.arraycopy(bGroup1, 0, bs, 0, bGroup1.length) ;
			System.arraycopy(bGroup2, 0, bs, bGroup1.length, bGroup2.length) ;
			return bs ;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 判断所有字节是否为0xFF
	 * @param bs 字节数组
	 * @param index 下标位
	 * @param len 长度
	 * @return 返回 返回
	 */
	public static boolean bytesIsAll0xFF(byte[] bs, int index, int len){
		int count = 0 ;
		for(int i = index; i < index + len; i++){
			if(bs[i] == (byte)0xFF){
				count++ ;
			}
		}
		return count == len;
	}

	/**
	 * 二进制转十进制数
	 * @param str 二进制字符串
	 * @return 返回
	 */
	public static int binary2Int(String str) {
		return Integer.parseInt(str, 2);
    }


	/**
	 * 字节转存二进制
	 *
	 * @param b byte
	 * @return 返回 String
	 */
	public static String byte2Binary(byte b) {
		return Integer.toBinaryString(b & 0xFF) ;
	}
	/**
	 * 字节转存8位二进制
	 *
	 * @param b  byte
	 * @return 返回 String
	 */
	public static String byte2bit8Binary(byte b) {
		String s = byte2Binary(b);
		int len = s.length();
		for (int i = 0; i < 8 - len; i++) {
			s = "0" + s;
		}
		return s;
	}

	/**
	 * 字节数 取出8个bit
	 * @param b 字节数
	 * @return 返回 String
	 */
	public static byte[] getBit(byte b) {
		byte[] bs = new byte[8] ;
		bs[0] = (byte)(b & 1) ;
		bs[1] = (byte)((b & 2) >> 1) ;
		bs[2] = (byte)((b & 4) >> 2) ;
		bs[3] = (byte)((b & 8) >> 3) ;
		bs[4] = (byte)((b & 16) >> 4) ;
		bs[5] = (byte)((b & 32) >> 5) ;
		bs[6] = (byte)((b & 64) >> 6) ;
		bs[7] = (byte)((b & 128) >> 7) ;
		return bs;
	}

	/**
	 * 字节数 取出bit
	 * @param b 字节数
	 * @param index 下标位
	 * @throws Exception 异常
	 * @return 返回 String
	 */
	public static byte getBit(byte b, byte index) throws Exception {
		if(index == 0){
			return (byte)(b & 1) ;
		}else if(index == 1){
			return (byte)((b & 2) >> 1) ;
		}else if(index == 2){
			return (byte)((b & 4) >> 2) ;
		}else if(index == 3){
			return (byte)((b & 8) >> 3) ;
		}else if(index == 4){
			return (byte)((b & 16) >> 4) ;
		}else if(index == 5){
			return (byte)((b & 32) >> 5) ;
		}else if(index == 6){
			return (byte)((b & 64) >> 6) ;
		}else if(index == 7){
			return (byte)((b & 128) >> 7) ;
		}
		return 0;
	}


	/**
	 * 一个字节转正整数
	 *
	 * @param b
	 *            byte
	 * @throws Exception 异常
	 * @return 返回 String
	 */
	public static Short byte2PlusInt(byte b) throws Exception {
		short v = b ;
		if(v < 0){
			v = (short)(255 + v + 1) ;
		}
		return v ;
	}


	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * double转换byte
	 * @param bs 字节数组 byte[]
	 * @param value double double类型的参数
	 * @param from 开始位 int
	 */
	public static void double2Bytes_BE(byte[] bs, double value, int from)throws Exception {
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, (from - 1) + 8);
		if (b) {
			long2Bytes_BE(bs, Double.doubleToLongBits(value), from);
		} else {
			throw new Exception("double2Bytes时数组越界");
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组低字节》
	 * double转换byte，字节顺序是倒的
	 * @param bs 字节数组 byte[]
	 * @param value double double类型的参数
	 * @param from 开始位 int
	 */
	public static void double2Bytes_LE(byte[] bs, double value, int from)throws Exception {
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, (from - 1) + 8);
		if (b) {
			long2Bytes_LE(bs, Double.doubleToLongBits(value), from);
		} else {
			throw new Exception("double2Bytes时数组越界");
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * byte转换double
	 * @param bs 字节数组 byte[]
	 * @param from 开始位 int
	 */
	public static double bytes2Double_BE(byte[] bs, int from) throws Exception {
		long l = bytes2Long_BE(bs, from);
		return Double.longBitsToDouble(l);
	}

	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组低字节》
	 * byte转换double，字节顺序是倒的
	 * @param bs 字节数组 byte[]
	 * @param from 开始位 int
	 */
	public static double bytes2Double_LE(byte[] bs, int from) throws Exception {
		long l = bytes2Long_LE(bs, from);
		return Double.longBitsToDouble(l);
	}

	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * float转换byte
	 * @value bs byte[]
	 * @value value float float类型的参数
	 * @value from int
	 */
	public static void float2Bytes_BE(byte[] bs, float value, int from)
			throws Exception {
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, (from - 1) + 4);
		if (b) {
			Integer it = Float.floatToIntBits(value);
			int2Bytes_BE(bs, it, from);
		} else {
			throw new Exception("float2Bytes时数组越界");
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组低字节》
	 * float转换byte，字节顺序是倒的
	 * @value bs byte[]
	 * @value value float float类型的参数
	 * @value from int
	 */
	public static void float2Bytes_LE(byte[] bs, float value, int from) throws Exception {
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, (from - 1) + 4);
		if (b) {
			Integer it = Float.floatToIntBits(value);
			int2Bytes_LE(bs, it, from);
		} else {
			throw new Exception("float2Bytes时数组越界");
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * byte转换float
	 * @value bs byte[]
	 * @value from int
	 */
	public static float bytes2Float_BE(byte[] bs, int from) throws Exception {
		int i = bytes2Int_BE(bs, from);
		return Float.intBitsToFloat(i);
	}

	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组低字节》
	 * byte转换float，字节顺序是倒的
	 * @value bs byte[]
	 * @value from int
	 */
	public static float bytes2Float_LE(byte[] bs, int from) throws Exception {
		int i = bytes2Int_LE(bs, from);
		return Float.intBitsToFloat(i);
	}


	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * 转换long型为byte数组
	 * @value bs byte[]
	 * @value value long
	 * @value from int
	 */
	public static void long2Bytes_BE(byte[] bs, long value, int from)throws Exception {
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, (from - 1) + 8);
		if (b) {
			for (int i = 7; i >= 0; i--) {
				bs[from + i] = Long.valueOf(value & 0xff).byteValue();// 将最低位保存在最低位
				value = value >> 8; // 向右移8位
				if(value == 0){
					break ;
				}
			}
		} else {
			throw new Exception("long2Bytes时数组越界");
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组低字节》
	 * 转换long型为byte数组
	 * @value bs byte[]
	 * @value value long
	 * @value from int
	 */
	public static void long2Bytes_LE(byte[] bs, long value, int from)throws Exception {
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, (from - 1) + 8);
		if (b) {
			for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
				bs[from + i] = Long.valueOf(value & 0xff).byteValue();
				value = value >> 8;
			if(value == 0){
				break ;
			}
			}
		} else {
			throw new Exception("long2Bytes时数组越界");
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * 8位字节数组转换为长整型
	 * @param bs 字节数组 byte[]
	 * @return 返回
	 */
	public static long bytes2Long_BE(byte[] bs) {
		int len = bs.length ;
		if (len > 0) {
			long l = 0;
			long[] ls = new long[len] ;
			for(int i = 0 ; i < len; i++){
				ls[i] = bs[i] & 0xFF ;
			}
			for(int i = len-1 ; i >= 0; i--){
				ls[(len - 1) - i] <<= 8 * i ;
			}
			for(int i = 0 ; i < len; i++){
				l = l | ls[i] ;
			}
			return l;
		}
		return 0L ;
	}

	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * 8位字节数组转换为长整型
	 * @param bs 字节数组 byte[]
	 * @param from 开始位 int
	 * @return 返回
	 */
	public static long bytes2Long_BE(byte[] bs, int from) throws Exception {
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, (from - 1) + 8);
		if (b) {
			long s = 0;
			long s0 = bs[from + 0] & 0xFF ;// 最低位
			long s1 = bs[from + 1] & 0xFF ;
			long s2 = bs[from + 2] & 0xFF ;
			long s3 = bs[from + 3] & 0xFF ;
			long s4 = bs[from + 4] & 0xFF ;
			long s5 = bs[from + 5] & 0xFF ;
			long s6 = bs[from + 6] & 0xFF ;
			long s7 = bs[from + 7] & 0xFF ;

			// s7不变
			s6 <<= 8;
			s5 <<= 16;
			s4 <<= 24;
			s3 <<= 8 * 4;
			s2 <<= 8 * 5;
			s1 <<= 8 * 6;
			s0 <<= 8 * 7;
			s = s0 | s1 | s2 | s3 | s4 | s5 | s6 | s7;
			return s;
		} else {
			throw new Exception("byte2Long时数组越界");
		}
	}
	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * 8位字节数组转换为长整型
	 * @param bs 字节数组 byte[]
	 * @param from 开始位 int
	 * @param end int
	 * @return 返回
	 */
	public static long bytes2Long_BE(byte[] bs, int from, int end) throws Exception {
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, end);
		if (b) {
			short len = (short)(end - from + 1) ;
			long[] ls = new long[len] ;
			for(short i = 0 ; i < len; i++){
				ls[i] = bs[from + i] & 0xFF ;
			}
			for(short i = (short)(len-1) ; i >= 0; i--){
				ls[i] <<= 8 * (len - (i + 1)) ;
			}
			long s = 0;
			for(short i = 0 ; i < len; i++){
				s = s | ls[i] ;
			}
			return s;
		} else {
			throw new Exception("byte2Long时数组越界");
		}
	}



	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组低字节》
	 * 8位字节数组转换为长整型
	 * @param bs 字节数组 byte[]
	 * @return 返回
	 */
	public static long bytes2Long_LE(byte[] bs) {
		int len = bs.length ;
		if (len > 0) {
			long l = 0;
			long[] ls = new long[len] ;
			for(int i = 0 ; i < len; i++){
				ls[i] = bs[i] & 0xFF ;
			}
			for(int i = 0 ; i < len; i++){
				ls[(len - 1) - i] <<= 8 * i ;
			}
			for(int i = 0 ; i < len; i++){
				l = l | ls[i] ;
			}
			return l;
		}
		return 0L ;
	}

	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组低字节》
	 * 8位字节数组转换为长整型
	 * @param bs 字节数组 byte[]
	 * @param from 开始位 int
	 * @return 返回
	 */
	public static long bytes2Long_LE(byte[] bs, int from) throws Exception {
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, (from - 1) + 8);
		if (b) {
			long s = 0;
			long s0 = bs[from] & 0xFF ;// 最低位
			long s1 = bs[from + 1] & 0xFF ;
			long s2 = bs[from + 2] & 0xFF ;
			long s3 = bs[from + 3] & 0xFF ;
			long s4 = bs[from + 4] & 0xFF ;
			long s5 = bs[from + 5] & 0xFF ;
			long s6 = bs[from + 6] & 0xFF ;
			long s7 = bs[from + 7] & 0xFF ;

			// s0不变
			s1 <<= 8;
			s2 <<= 16;
			s3 <<= 24;
			s4 <<= 8 * 4;
			s5 <<= 8 * 5;
			s6 <<= 8 * 6;
			s7 <<= 8 * 7;
			s = s0 | s1 | s2 | s3 | s4 | s5 | s6 | s7;
			return s;
		} else {
			throw new Exception("byte2Long时数组越界");
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组低字节》
	 * 8位字节数组转换为长整型
	 * @param bs 字节数组 byte[]
	 * @param from 开始位 int
	 * @param end int
	 * @return 返回
	 */
	public static long bytes2Long_LE(byte[] bs, int from, int end) throws Exception {
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, end);
		if (b) {
			short len = (short)(end - from + 1) ;
			long[] ls = new long[len] ;
			for(short i = 0 ; i < len; i++){
				ls[i] = bs[from + i] & 0xFF ;
			}
			for(short i = 0 ; i < len; i++){
				ls[i] <<= 8 * i ;
			}
			long s = 0;
			for(short i = 0 ; i < len; i++){
				s = s | ls[i] ;
			}
			return s;
		} else {
			throw new Exception("byte2Long时数组越界");
		}
	}
	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * int类型转换成4位byte数组
	 * @value bs byte[]
	 * @value value int int类型的参数
	 * @value from int
	 */
	public static void int2Bytes_BE(byte[] bs, int value, int from)throws Exception {
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, (from - 1) + 4);
		if (b) {
			for (int i = 3; i >= 0; i--) {
				bs[from + i] = Integer.valueOf(value & 0xff).byteValue();// 将最低位保存在高字节
				value = value >> 8; // 向右移8位
				if(value == 0){
					break ;
				}
			}
		} else {
			throw new Exception("int2Bytes时数组越界");
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组低字节》
	 * int类型转换成4位byte数组，字节顺序是倒的
	 * @value bs byte[]
	 * @value value int int类型的参数
	 * @value from int
	 */
	public static void int2Bytes_LE(byte[] bs, int value, int from)throws Exception {
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, (from - 1) + 4);
		if (b) {
			for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
				bs[from + i] = Integer.valueOf(value & 0xff).byteValue();// 将最低位保存在低字节
				value = value >> 8; // 向右移8位
			if(value == 0){
				break ;
			}
			}
		} else {
			throw new Exception("int2Bytes时数组越界");
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * 4位字节数组转换为整型
	 * @param bs 字节数组
	 * @param from 开始位
	 * @return 返回
	 */
	public static int bytes2Int_BE(byte[] bs, int from) throws Exception {
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, (from - 1) + 4);
		if (b) {
			int s = 0;
			int s0 = bs[from + 0] & 0xFF ;// 最低位
			int s1 = bs[from + 1] & 0xFF ;
			int s2 = bs[from + 2] & 0xFF ;
			int s3 = bs[from + 3] & 0xFF ;

			// s3不变
			s2 <<= 8;
			s1 <<= 16;
			s0 <<= 24;
			s = s0 | s1 | s2 | s3;
			return s;
		} else {
			throw new Exception("byte2Int时数组越界");
		}
	}


	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组低字节》
	 * 4位字节数组转换为整型，字节顺序是倒的
	 * @param bs 字节数组 字节数组
	 * @return 返回
	 */
	public static int bytes2Int_LE(byte[] bs, int from) throws Exception {
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, (from - 1) + 4);
		if (b) {
			int s = 0;
			int s0 = bs[from + 0] & 0xFF ;// 最低位
			int s1 = bs[from + 1] & 0xFF ;
			int s2 = bs[from + 2] & 0xFF ;
			int s3 = bs[from + 3] & 0xFF ;

			// s0不变
			s1 <<= 8;
			s2 <<= 16;
			s3 <<= 24;
			s = s0 | s1 | s2 | s3;
			return s;
		} else {
			throw new Exception("byte2Int时数组越界");
		}
	}


	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * short类型转换成byte数组
	 * @value bs byte[]
	 * @value value short
	 * @value from int
	 */
	public static void short2Bytes_BE(byte[] bs, short value, int from)throws Exception {
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, (from - 1) + 2);
		if (b) {
			for (int i = 1; i >= 0 ; i--) {
				bs[from + i] = Integer.valueOf(value & 0xff).byteValue();// 将低位保存在高字节
				value = (short) (value >> 8); // 向右移8位
			}
		} else {
			throw new Exception("short2Bytes时数组越界");
		}
	}


	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组低字节》
	 * short类型转换成byte数组，字节顺序是倒的
	 * @value bs byte[]
	 * @value value short
	 * @value from int
	 */
	public static void short2Bytes_LE(byte[] bs, short value, int from)throws Exception {
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, (from - 1) + 2);
		if (b) {
			for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
				bs[from + i] = Integer.valueOf(value & 0xff).byteValue();// 将最低位保存在低字节
				value = (short) (value >> 8); // 向右移8位
			}
		} else {
			throw new Exception("short2Bytes时数组越界");
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * short类型转换成byte数组
	 * @value value short
	 * @value from int
	 */
	public static byte[] short2Bytes_BE(short value)throws Exception {
		byte[] bs = new byte[2] ;
		for (int i = 1; i >= 0 ; i--) {
			bs[i] = (byte)(value & 0xff) ;// 将低位保存在高字节
			value = (short) (value >> 8); // 向右移8位
		}
		return bs ;
	}

	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组低字节》
	 * short类型转换成byte数组，字节顺序是倒的
	 * @value value short
	 * @value from int
	 */
	public static byte[] short2Bytes_LE(short value)throws Exception {
		byte[] bs = new byte[2] ;
		for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
			bs[i] = (byte)(value & 0xff) ;// 将最低位保存在低字节
			value = (short) (value >> 8); // 向右移8位
		}
		return bs ;
	}

	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * 2位字节数组转换为短整型
	 * @param bs 字节数组 字节数组
	 * @return 返回
	 */
	public static short bytes2Short_BE(byte[] bs, int from) throws Exception {
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, (from - 1) + 2);
		if (b) {
			int s = 0;
			int s0 = bs[from + 0] & 0xFF ;
			int s1 = bs[from + 1] & 0xFF ;

			// s1不变
			s0 <<= 8;
			s = s0 | s1;
			return (short) s;

		} else {
			throw new Exception("byte2Short时数组越界");
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组低字节》
	 * 2位字节数组转换为短整型，字节顺序是倒的
	 * @param bs 字节数组 字节数组
	 * @return 返回
	 */
	public static short bytes2Short_LE(byte[] bs, int from) throws Exception {
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, (from - 1) + 2);
		if (b) {
			int s = 0;
			int s0 = bs[from + 0] & 0xFF ;
			int s1 = bs[from + 1] & 0xFF ;

			// s0不变
			s1 <<= 8;
			s = s0 | s1;
			return (short) s;

		} else {
			throw new Exception("byte2Short时数组越界");
		}
	}
	/**
	 * 字符到一字节转换
	 *
	 * @value bs byte[]
	 * @value ch char char类型的参数
	 * @value index int
	 * @return 返回
	 */
	public static void char2Bytes(byte[] bs, char ch, int index)throws Exception {
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, index);
		if (b) {
			bs[index] = (byte) ch;
		} else {
			throw new Exception("char2Bytes时数组越界");
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 一字节转换为字符
	 * @param bs 字节数组 字节数组
	 * @value index int
	 * @return 返回
	 */
	public static char bytes2Char(byte[] bs, int index) throws Exception {
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, index);
		if (b) {
			return (char) bs[index];
		} else {
			throw new Exception("byte2Char时数组越界");
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 字符串型数字转成byte
	 *
	 * @param s
	 * @return 返回
	 * @throws Exception 异常
	 */
	public static byte string2byte(String s) throws Exception {
		int n ;
		try {
			n = Integer.parseInt(s);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			throw new Exception("字符串型数字字节时出错，不是合法数字:" + s, null);
		}
		return (byte) n;
	}

	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * 字符串转换成byte数组
	 * @value bs byte[]
	 * @value str String
	 * @value from int
	 * @return 返回
	 * @throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException
	 */
	public static int string2Bytes_BE(byte[] bs, String str, int from, int end)throws Exception {
		byte[] bb = str.getBytes();
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, (from -1 + bb.length));
		if (b) {
			if(end - from + 1 < bb.length){
				throw new Exception("string2Bytes时，字符串转成的字节数组超过的协议定义的长度 ");
			}else{
				for (int i = 0; i < bb.length; i++) {
					bs[from + i] = bb[i];
				}
			}
		} else {
			throw new Exception("string2Bytes时数组越界");
		}
		return bb.length ;
	}

	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组低字节》
	 * 字符串转换成byte数组
	 * @value bs byte[]
	 * @value str String
	 * @value from int
	 * @return 返回
	 * @throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException
	 */
	public static int string2Bytes_LE(byte[] bs, String str, int from, int end)throws Exception {
		byte[] bb = str.getBytes();
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, (from -1 + bb.length));
		if (b) {
			if(end - from + 1 < bb.length){
				throw new Exception("string2Bytes时，字符串转成的字节数组超过的协议定义的长度 ");
			}else{
				for (int i = bb.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
					bs[from + i] = bb[i];
				}
			}
		} else {
			throw new Exception("string2Bytes时数组越界");
		}
		return bb.length ;
	}

	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * 字符串转换成byte数组
	 * @value bs byte[]
	 * @value str String
	 * @value from int
	 * @return 返回
	 * @throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException
	 */
	public static int string2Bytes_BE(byte[] bs, String str, int from)throws Exception {
		byte[] bb = str.getBytes();
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, (from -1 + bb.length));
		if (b) {
			for (int i = 0; i < bb.length; i++) {
				bs[from + i] = bb[i];
			}
		} else {
			throw new Exception("string2Bytes时数组越界");
		}
		return bb.length ;
	}

	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组低字节》
	 * 字符串转换成byte数组
	 * @value bs byte[]
	 * @value str String
	 * @value from int
	 * @return 返回
	 * @throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException
	 */
	public static int string2Bytes_LE(byte[] bs, String str, int from)throws Exception {
		byte[] bb = str.getBytes();
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, (from -1 + bb.length));
		if (b) {
			for (int i = bb.length-1; i >= 0; i--) {
				bs[from + i] = bb[i];
			}
		} else {
			throw new Exception("string2Bytes时数组越界");
		}
		return bb.length ;
	}

	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * byte数组转换成字符串
	 * @value bs byte[]
	 * @value str String
	 * @value from int
	 * @throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException
	 */
	public static String bytes2String_BE(byte[] bs, int from, int end)throws Exception {
		byte[] bb = new byte[end - from + 1];
		int count = 0 ;
		for (int i = from; i <= end; i++) {
			bb[count++] = bs[i];
		}
		return new String(bb);
	}

	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组低字节》
	 * byte数组转换成字符串
	 * @value bs byte[]
	 * @value str String
	 * @value from int
	 * @throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException
	 */
	public static String bytes2String_LE(byte[] bs, int from, int end)throws Exception {
		byte[] bb = new byte[end - from + 1];
		int count = 0 ;
		for (int i = end; i >= from; i--) {
			bb[count++] = bs[i];
		}
		return new String(bb);
	}

	/**
	 * 判断数组下标是否越界
	 *
	 * @value bsLength 数组总长度
	 * @value toSite 数组偏移量
	 * @return 返回
	 */
	private static boolean isOutOfArrLength(int bsLength, int toSite) {
		if (bsLength > toSite) {
			return true;
		} else {
			return false;
		}
	}


	/**
	 * 字节数组转换成十六进制的字符串
	 *
	 * @param src byte[]
	 * @param hasBlank 16进制是否用空格分隔
	 * @return 返回 String
	 */
	public static String bytes2Hex(byte[] src, boolean hasBlank){
	    StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder("");
	    if (src == null || src.length <= 0) {
	        return null;
	    }
	    for (int i = 0; i < src.length; i++) {
	        int v = src[i] & 0xFF;
	        String str = Integer.toHexString(v);
	        if (str.length() < 2) {
	        	str = "0" + str;
	        }
			if (hasBlank) {
				if (i == 0) {
					stringBuilder.append(str);
				} else {
					stringBuilder.append(" " + str);
				}
			} else {
				stringBuilder.append(str);
			}
	    }
	    return stringBuilder.toString().toUpperCase(Locale.US);
	}
	/**
	 * 字节数组转换成十六进制的字符串
	 *
	 * @param src byte[]
	 * @param hasBlank 16进制是否用空格分隔
	 * @param from 开始位
	 * @param len 长度
	 * @return 返回 String
	 */
	public static String bytes2Hex(byte[] src, boolean hasBlank, int from, int len){
	    if (src == null || src.length <= 0 || src.length < from + len) {
	        return null;
	    }
		byte[] bb = new byte[len];
		for (int i = 0 ; i < len; i++) {
			bb[i] = src[from + i];
		}
	    return bytes2Hex(bb, hasBlank) ;
	}
	/**
	 * 十六进制转字节数组
	 * @param hex the hex string
	 * @return 返回 byte[]
	 */
	public static byte[] hex2Bytes(String hex) {
	    if (hex == null || hex.equals("")) {
	        return null;
	    }
	    hex = hex.toUpperCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
	    int length = hex.length() / 2;
	    char[] hexChars = hex.toCharArray();
	    byte[] d = new byte[length];
	    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
	        int pos = i * 2;
	        d[i] = (byte) (charToByte(hexChars[pos]) << 4 | charToByte(hexChars[pos + 1]));
	    }
	    return d;
	}
	/**
	 * 十六进制转字节数组
	 * @param hex the hex string
	 * @return 返回 byte[]
	 */
	public static int hex2Bytes(String hex, byte[] bs, int fromIndex) {
	    if (hex == null || hex.equals("")) {
	        return fromIndex;
	    }
	    hex = hex.toUpperCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
	    int length = hex.length() / 2;
	    char[] hexChars = hex.toCharArray();
	    byte[] d = new byte[length];
	    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
	        int pos = i * 2;
	        d[i] = (byte) (charToByte(hexChars[pos]) << 4 | charToByte(hexChars[pos + 1]));
	    }
	    for(int i = 0 ; i < d.length; i++){
	    	bs[fromIndex++] = d[i] ;
	    }
	    return fromIndex ;
	}

	private static final char[] HEX_CHAR = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'};
	/**
	 * 将byte[]转换为16进制字符串
	 *
	 * @param bytes 待转换byte[]
	 * @return 返回 转换后的字符串
	 */
	public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
		//一个byte为8位，可用两个十六进制位标识
		char[] buf = new char[bytes.length * 2];
		int a = 0;
		int index = 0;
		for (byte b : bytes) { // 使用除与取余进行转换
			if (b < 0) {
				a = 256 + b;
			} else {
				a = b;
			}

			buf[index++] = HEX_CHAR[a / 16];
			buf[index++] = HEX_CHAR[a % 16];
		}
		return new String(buf);
	}
	/**
	 * 将byte[]转换为16进制字符串
	 *
	 * @param bytes 待转换byte[]
	 * @return 返回 转换后的字符串
	 */
	public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
		byte[] bs = new byte[endIndex - startIndex + 1] ;
		byte j = 0 ;
		for(int i = startIndex; i <= endIndex; i++){
			bs[j++] = bytes[i] ;
		}
		//一个byte为8位，可用两个十六进制位标识
		char[] buf = new char[bs.length * 2];
		int a = 0;
		int index = 0;
		for (byte b : bs) { // 使用除与取余进行转换
			if (b < 0) {
				a = 256 + b;
			} else {
				a = b;
			}

			buf[index++] = HEX_CHAR[a / 16];
			buf[index++] = HEX_CHAR[a % 16];
		}
		return new String(buf);
	}

	/**
	 * 将16进制字符串转换为byte[]
	 *
	 * @param str 待转换字符串
	 * @return 返回 转换后的byte[]
	 */
	public static byte[] hexToBytes(String str) {
		if (str == null || "".equals(str.trim())) {
			return new byte[0];
		}

		byte[] bytes = new byte[str.length() / 2];
		for (int i = 0; i < str.length() / 2; i++) {
			String subStr = str.substring(i * 2, i * 2 + 2);
			bytes[i] = (byte) Integer.parseInt(subStr, 16);
		}

		return bytes;
	}

	/**
	 * Convert char to byte
	 * @param c char
	 * @return 返回 byte
	 */
	private static byte charToByte(char c) {
		return (byte) "0123456789ABCDEF".indexOf(c);
	}


	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * 整形转成BCD编码
	 * @param i
	 * @return 返回
	 */
	public static byte[] int2BCD_BE(int i)throws Exception {
		String str = "" + i;
		byte[] b = null;
		if (str.length() % 2 == 0) {
			b = new byte[str.length() / 2];
		} else {
			b = new byte[(str.length() / 2) + 1];
		}
		encodeBCD_BE(str, b, 0, b.length);

		return b;
	}
	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组低字节》
	 * 整形转成BCD编码，字节顺序是倒的
	 * @param i
	 * @return 返回
	 */
	public static byte[] int2BCD_LE(int i)throws Exception {
		String str = "" + i;
		byte[] b = null;
		if (str.length() % 2 == 0) {
			b = new byte[str.length() / 2];
		} else {
			b = new byte[(str.length() / 2) + 1];
		}
		encodeBCD_LE(str, b, 0, b.length);

		return b;
	}

	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * 长整形转成BCD编码
	 * @param l
	 * @return 返回
	 */
	public static byte[] long2BCD_BE(long l)throws Exception {
		String str = "" + l;
		byte[] b = null;
		if (str.length() % 2 == 0) {
			b = new byte[str.length() / 2];
		} else {
			b = new byte[(str.length() / 2) + 1];
		}
		encodeBCD_BE(str, b, 0, b.length);

		return b;
	}

	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组低字节》
	 * 长整形转成BCD编码，字节顺序是倒的
	 * @param l
	 * @return 返回
	 */
	public static byte[] long2BCD_LE(long l) throws Exception {
		String str = "" + l;
		byte[] b = null;
		if (str.length() % 2 == 0) {
			b = new byte[str.length() / 2];
		} else {
			b = new byte[(str.length() / 2) + 1];
		}
		encodeBCD_LE(str, b, 0, b.length);

		return b;
	}

	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * 字符串型数字转成BCD编码
	 * @param s
	 * @return 返回
	 * @throws Exception 异常
	 */
	public static byte[] string2BCD_BE(String s) throws Exception {
		byte[] b ;
		if (s.length() % 2 == 0) {
			b = new byte[s.length() / 2];
		} else {
			b = new byte[(s.length() / 2) + 1];
		}

		encodeBCD_BE(s, b, 0, b.length);

		return b ;
	}

	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * 字符串转换成byte数组
	 * @value bs byte[]
	 * @value str String
	 * @value fromIndex int
	 * @return 返回
	 * @throws Exception 异常 异常
	 */
	public static int string2BCD_BE(byte[] bs, String str, int fromIndex)throws Exception {
		byte[] bb = string2BCD_BE(str);
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, (fromIndex -1 + bb.length));
		if (b) {
			for (int i = 0; i < bb.length; i++) {
				bs[fromIndex + i] = bb[i];
			}
		} else {
			throw new Exception("string2BCD时数组越界");
		}
		return bb.length ;
	}

	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组低字节》
	 * 字符串型数字转成BCD编码，字节顺序是倒的
	 * @param s
	 * @return 返回
	 * @throws Exception 异常
	 */
	public static byte[] string2BCD_LE(String s) throws Exception {
		byte[] b = null;
		if (s.length() % 2 == 0) {
			b = new byte[s.length() / 2];
		} else {
			b = new byte[(s.length() / 2) + 1];
		}
		encodeBCD_LE(s, b, 0, b.length);

		return b;
	}

	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * 字符串转换成byte数组
	 * @value bs byte[]
	 * @value str String
	 * @value fromIndex int
	 * @return 返回
	 * @throws Exception 异常 异常
	 */
	public static int string2BCD_LE(byte[] bs, String str, int fromIndex)throws Exception {
		byte[] bb = string2BCD_LE(str);
		boolean b = isOutOfArrLength(bs.length, (fromIndex -1 + bb.length));
		if (b) {
			for (int i = bb.length-1; i >= 0 ; i--) {
				bs[fromIndex + i] = bb[i];
			}
		} else {
			throw new Exception("string2BCD时数组越界");
		}
		return bb.length ;
	}


	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * BCD编码转成整型
	 * @param b
	 * @return 返回
	 * @throws Exception 异常
	 */
	public static int BCD2Int_BE(byte b) throws Exception {
		String str = "";
		str = decodeBCD_BE(new byte[] { b }, 0, 1);
		int n = Integer.parseInt(str);
		return n;
	}

	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组低字节》
	 * BCD编码转成整型，字节顺序是倒的
	 * @param b
	 * @return 返回
	 * @throws Exception 异常
	 */
	public static int BCD2Int_LE(byte b) throws Exception {
		String str = "";
		str = decodeBCD_LE(new byte[] { b }, 0, 1);
		int n = Integer.parseInt(str);
		return n;
	}

	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * BCD编码转成整型
	 * @param b
	 * @param startIndex
	 * @param endIndex
	 * @return 返回
	 * @throws Exception 异常
	 */
	public static int BCD2Int_BE(byte[] b, int startIndex, int endIndex)throws Exception {
		String str = "";
		str = decodeBCD_BE(b, startIndex, endIndex - startIndex + 1);
		int n = Integer.parseInt(str);
		return n;
	}

	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组低字节》
	 * BCD编码转成整型，字节顺序是倒的
	 * @param b
	 * @param startIndex
	 * @param endIndex
	 * @return 返回
	 * @throws Exception 异常
	 */
	public static int BCD2Int_LE(byte[] b, int startIndex, int endIndex)throws Exception {
		String str = "";
		str = decodeBCD_LE(b, startIndex, endIndex - startIndex + 1);
		int n = Integer.parseInt(str);
		return n;
	}

	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * BCD编码转成字符串型
	 * @param b
	 * @param startIndex
	 * @param endIndex
	 * @return 返回
	 * @throws Exception 异常
	 */
	public static long BCD2Long_BE(byte[] b, int startIndex, int endIndex)throws Exception {
		String str = "";
		str = decodeBCD_BE(b, startIndex, endIndex - startIndex + 1);
		long n = Long.parseLong(str);
		return n;
	}


	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组低字节》
	 * BCD编码转成字符串型，字节顺序是倒的
	 * @param b
	 * @param startIndex
	 * @param endIndex
	 * @return 返回
	 * @throws Exception 异常
	 */
	public static long BCD2Long_LE(byte[] b, int startIndex, int endIndex)throws Exception {
		String str = "";
		str = decodeBCD_LE(b, startIndex, endIndex - startIndex + 1);
		long n = Long.parseLong(str);
		return n;
	}

	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * BCD编码转成字符串型
	 * @param b
	 * @param startIndex
	 * @param endIndex
	 * @return 返回
	 * @throws Exception 异常
	 */
	public static String BCD2String_BE(byte[] b, int startIndex, int endIndex) throws Exception {
		return decodeBCD_BE(b, startIndex, endIndex - startIndex + 1);
	}

	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组低字节》
	 * BCD编码转成字符串型，字节顺序是倒的
	 * @param b
	 * @param startIndex
	 * @param endIndex
	 * @return 返回
	 * @throws Exception 异常
	 */
	public static String BCD2String_LE(byte[] b, int startIndex, int endIndex) throws Exception {
		return decodeBCD_LE(b, startIndex, endIndex - startIndex + 1);
	}

	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * 编码BCD，例如1387编码成  13  87，顺序是正的
	 * @param value
	 * @param dest
	 * @param startIndex
	 * @param length 长度
	 */
	private static void encodeBCD_BE(String value, byte[] dest, int startIndex, int length)throws Exception {
		if (value == null || !value.matches("\\d*")) {
			throw new Exception("数字转成BCD编码时出错，不是合法数字:" + value, null);
		}

		int[] tmpInts = new int[2 * length];
		int index = value.length() - 1;
		for (int i = tmpInts.length - 1; i >= 0 && index >= 0; i--, index--) {
			tmpInts[i] = value.charAt(index) - '0';
		}
		for (int i = startIndex, j = 0; i < startIndex + length; i++, j++) {
			dest[i] = (byte) (tmpInts[2 * j] * 16 + tmpInts[2 * j + 1]);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组低字节》
	 * 编码BCD，例如1387编码成  87  13，顺序是倒的
	 * @param value
	 * @param dest
	 * @param startIndex
	 * @param length 长度
	 */
	private static void encodeBCD_LE(String value, byte[] dest, int startIndex, int length)throws Exception {
		if (value == null || !value.matches("\\d*")) {
			throw new Exception("数字转成BCD编码时出错，不是合法数字:" + value, null);
		}

		int[] tmpInts = new int[2 * length];
		int index = value.length() - 1;
		for (int i = 0; i <= tmpInts.length - 1 && index >= 0; i++, index--) {
			tmpInts[i] = value.charAt(index) - '0';
		}
		for (int i = startIndex, j = 0; i < startIndex + length; i++, j++) {
			dest[i] = (byte) (tmpInts[2 * j + 1] * 16 + tmpInts[2 * j] );
		}
	}



	/**
	 * 大端模式《数据低位在数组高字节》
	 * 解码BCD，顺序是正的
	 * @param src
	 * @param startIndex
	 * @param length 长度
	 * @return 返回
	 */
	private static String decodeBCD_BE(byte[] src, int startIndex, int length)throws Exception {
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		for (int i = startIndex; i < startIndex + length ; i++) {
			int value = (src[i] + 256) % 256;
			sb.append((char) (value / 16 + '0')).append((char) (value % 16 + '0'));
			value++;
		}
		String result = sb.toString();
		if (!result.matches("\\d*")) {
			throw new Exception("解码BCD，但数据（" + result + "[startIndex=" + startIndex + ",length=" + length + "]）非BCD码！");
		}
		return result;
	}

	/**
	 * 小端模式《数据低位在数组低字节》
 	 * 编码BCD，顺序是倒的
	 * @param src
	 * @param startIndex
	 * @param length 长度
	 * @return 返回
	 */
	private static String decodeBCD_LE(byte[] src, int startIndex, int length)throws Exception {
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		for (int i = (startIndex + length - 1); i >= startIndex; i--) {
			int value = (src[i] + 256) % 256;
			sb.append((char) (value / 16 + '0')).append((char) (value % 16 + '0'));
		}

		String result = sb.toString();
		if (!result.matches("\\d*")) {
			throw new Exception("解码BCD，但数据（" + result + "[startIndex=" + startIndex + ",length=" + length + "]）非BCD码！");
		}
		return result;
	}

//	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//		// 帧头 + 帧长度 + 终端ID + 功能码 + 数据
//		int len = 2 + 4 + 4 + 2 + (4 + 4);
//
//		byte[] b = new byte[len];
//		ByteUtil.int2Bytes(b, 1234567890, 0);
//		int v1 = ByteUtil.bytes2Int(b, 0);
//		System.out.println(v1);
//
//		b = new byte[len];
//		ByteUtil.short2Bytes(b, (short) -1234, 0);
//		short v2 = ByteUtil.bytes2Short(b, 0);
//		System.out.println(v2);
//
//		b = new byte[len];
//		ByteUtil.long2Bytes(b, 4638387438405602509L, 0);
//		long v3 = ByteUtil.bytes2Long(b, 0);
//		System.out.println(v3);
//
//		b = new byte[len];
//		ByteUtil.float2Bytes(b, (float) -123456.45, 0);
//		float v4 = ByteUtil.bytes2Float(b, 0);
//		System.out.println(v4);
//
//		b = new byte[len];
//		ByteUtil.double2Bytes(b, -256.1234567890123D, 0);
//		double v5 = ByteUtil.bytes2Double(b, 0);
//		System.out.println(v5);
//
//	}
	/*
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		byte[] bs = new byte[]{0x38, 0x36, 0x39, 0x31} ; 
		String s = bytes2String_BE(bs, 0, 3) ;
		System.out.println(s);
		
		byte[] bss = new byte[]{(byte)0x8F} ;
		int v = bss[0] ;
		System.out.println(v);
		if(v < 0){
			v = 255 + v + 1 ;
		}
		System.out.println(v);
	}
	*/

}